Жж рожденный с паяльником. Использование паяльника: советы и техники для качественной пайки

«Сопротивление бесполезно», говорите… — Рождённый с паяльником — LiveJournal

July 23rd, 2012, 01:08 pm

«Сопротивление бесполезно», говорите…

Из курса физики, мы знаем, что в проводнике проносимым над магнитом или магнитом над проводником появляется электрический ток. То есть между магнитом и проводником в движении появляется электромагнитное поле, которое стимулирует движение электронов в проводнике. В проводнике находящимся над магнитом не перемещая его, тока нет (электромагнитного поля нет). А если мы будем переносить магнит вместе с проводником на какое то расстояние электромагнитное поле появляется и ток в проводнике будет. Это говорит о том, что происходит возбуждение (или появления) электромагнитного поля вокруг магнита и проводника за счет перемещения. Значит при перемещение появляется электромагнитное поле. В нашей схеме www.hohlov.nnov.ru происходит тоже самое. электронный насос, засасывает эфир, вакуум из окружающей среды через антенну и своим движением проходя по обмотке трансформатора (эфир, вакуум) возбуждает между магнитом и обмоткой электромагнитное поле следовательно способствует появлению напряжения в первичной обмотке трансформатора, а на вторичной получаем любое нужное напряжение.

Составлена на основе статьи об автомобиле «ТЕСЛА», напечатанной в 1931 г.
Комплекс из 12 триодов является насосом электромагнитных волн, втягивая их через антенну на первичную обмотку трансформатора, создает электромагнитное поле на первичной обмотке трансформатора, а на вторичной получаем напряжение (высокое напряжение с высокой частотой), схема проверялась на всех Схемотехнических ПО «Multisim 8.0», «Multisim 9.0», «NI Multisim 10»

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Нашёл там (но ссылка на оригинал есть в тексте). Каков масштаб идеи, вы только подумайте — нарисованные в схемотехническом симуляторе схемы качают мировой эфирЪ прям в реальном времени. Что ж дееца-то, люди.
. 90000 How to Use a Soldering Iron 90001 90002 90003 Weller Soldering Basics Guide 90004 90005 90002 Soldering is a useful skill to have, whether you plan to use it professionally or for DIY projects. A quality soldering iron is one of the most important tools you’ll need for your soldering projects. 90005 90002 This guide will provide a brief overview of how to use a soldering iron.It will give you the basics that apply to most soldering work, as well as tips for specific types of projects. 90005 90002 Although all soldering relies on the same principles, the techniques and tools you use may vary depending on the type of materials you’re soldering and the kind of outcome you’re intending. On this page, we’ll cover step-by-step soldering for wiring, printed circuit boards, stained glass and jewelry. 90005 90002 Here’s your introductory guide to using a soldering iron. 90005 90003 The Basics 90004 90002 The fundamentals of soldering are mostly consistent across project types.Below you’ll find information about the basics of soldering, descriptions of the equipment involved and a basic step-by-step guide for how to use a soldering iron. 90005 90018 1. What Is Soldering? 90019 90002 Soldering is a technique for joining metal parts together. It involves melting a metal known as solder into the space between two metal components. When this solder cools and hardens, it forms a permanent connection between the parts. Solder acts as a sort of metallic glue that joins elements together.90005 90002 Joining electronic components may be the most common use of soldering irons. You can also use them on piping for plumbing, engine components, arts and crafts projects and more. 90005 90018 2. What Equipment Do You Need? 90019 90002 This article is about how to use a soldering iron, but the iron itself is not the only item you’ll need. Here’s a rundown of some of the supplies you may need to use, including a soldering iron, for a soldering project. 90005 90028 90029 90030 Soldering Iron: 90031 A soldering iron supplies the heat that melts the solder.It consists of a tip, which you apply to the metal parts you want to solder together, and an insulated handle so that you can hold the iron. There are several variations of soldering irons. Often, they are electrical and use an electrical cord or battery. Some also use the combustion of a gas such as butane or an open flame. Some irons allow you to adjust the temperature of the iron. 90032 90029 90030 Solder: 90031 Solder is the substance that melts and forms the bond between the two soldered components.It is a thin wire made of one of several tin alloys. The alloys consist of either tin and lead or tin and copper. Increasingly, lead-free solders are becoming the more popular of these two options. This trend is a response to increased safety regulations as well as the environmental and health benefits of seeking lead-free alternatives. Some types of solder also include flux, a substance that gets rid of oxide layers on metal parts to help the solder adhere better. 90032 90029 90030 Soldering Station: 90031 A soldering station acts as a control station for your soldering iron if you have an adjustable iron.The station has the controls for adjusting the temperature of the iron as well as other settings. You may plug your iron into this soldering station. 90032 90029 90030 Soldering Iron Stand: 90031 You might also use a soldering iron stand, which provides a safe, sturdy place to store your iron when you are not using it. It might also include a place to keep supplies for cleaning your iron. 90032 90029 90030 Cleaning Pad: 90031 It’s essential for proper performance to keep your iron clean while you use it.You may use a cleaning pad, steel or brass wool or a damp sponge. 90032 90029 90030 Safety Glasses: 90031 Safety goggles will help protect your eyes in case of accidents and keep fumes from irritating your eyes. 90032 90029 90030 Fume Extraction Equipment: 90031 Fumes created when soldering may be toxic. Fume extraction devices pull fumes from the air to reduce health and safety risks. 90032 90057 90003 Getting Set Up 90004 90002 Before you begin using your soldering iron, you’ll have to make sure that you’ve taken all the necessary safety measures and prepared your tools.90005 90018 1. Safety Measures 90019 90002 Health and safety should always be a priority when soldering. Soldering involves extreme heat and toxic substances. While it involves certain risks, if you take the proper precautions, soldering is a relatively safe activity. 90005 90002 Before getting started, read the instructions as well as the health and safety warnings that come with all of your equipment to ensure you’re using it correctly. When soldering, wear safety glasses and keep all hair, loose clothing and jewelry secured and out of the way of your tools.You may also want to wear safety gloves. 90005 90002 Be sure that you are working in a well-ventilated area or use a fume extraction device. The fumes from flux are toxic. If the solder you are using contains lead, wash your hands after you’re done working with it. 90005 90018 2. Cleaning and Tinning 90019 90002 For your soldering iron tip to work correctly, it needs to be clean and tinned. Any contaminants or oxidation will decrease the efficiency with which it conducts heat, making your job harder and reducing the quality of your solder joints.90005 90002 Before you start soldering, clean the tip of your iron by rubbing it against your cleaning pad. If your tip is badly oxidized, you may need to apply a tip reactivator. After cleaning or reactivating it, it should appear shiny rather than dull. 90005 90002 Tinning the tip of your iron involves coating it with a layer of solder. This practice protects the tip from oxidation and improves its ability to conduct heat. Tin the tip immediately before you begin soldering. 90005 90002 In addition to cleaning and tinning the tip of your iron before each soldering session, you should also do so after every two or three joints you solder and at the end of each soldering project.This will extend the life of your soldering iron tips and improve the quality of your soldering joints. 90005 90003 Joining Parts 90004 90002 Once you’ve completed the above steps, you’re ready to solder your components together. The techniques you’ll use will vary from project to project, but the basic step-by-step instructions are as follows: 90005 90084 90029 First, determine the right temperature for your project. Which temperature to use depends on the materials you’re joining and the kind of solder you’re using.As a general rule of thumb, the best temperature to use is the one that’s as low as possible while still being high enough to get the job done. In other words, if the temperature needed to do the job is 370 degrees or above, then set the temperature to exactly 370. This will help extend the life of your tools and avoid damaging any electronic components. 90032 90029 Once your iron is heated to the appropriate temperature, pick up the iron by the handle in one hand and hold a piece of solder in the other hand.Hold the hot iron to the place where the two metal components will meet for about a second to heat them up. You want to heat the metal parts, not the solder itself. 90032 90029 Then, touch the solder to the heated components. As the solder melts, it will flow into the gaps it needs to fill. Continue to feed in solder until a sufficient amount is melted. While you need enough to form a solid connection, you do not want to have too much solder either. The right amount will vary from project to project.This typically will not take more than a few seconds. 90032 90029 Allow the solder to cool. You do not need to take any action to cause it to cool. It will do so on its own and should not take longer than a few more seconds. 90032 90029 Check the soldering joint for quality. A good connection will appear smooth, uniform and shiny. Make sure that are not any problematic gaps between the components or globs of excess solder. 90032 90095 90003 Desoldering 90004 90002 If you made a mistake in your soldering, do not worry.You can undo and fix any problem areas relatively easily. If the problem is not excess solder, you may be able to resolder over the first joint with new solder. 90005 90002 A more thorough method of correcting a soldering mistake is to reheat the solder you applied and then to use a tool such as a «solder sucker,» which is a small syringe-like device that uses vacuum pressure to remove solder. You can also use a solder wick, also called a desoldering braid, which absorbs melted solder by capillary action.90005 90003 Cleaning Up 90004 90002 After you finish a soldering session, clean and tin your soldering iron tip. After allowing the iron to cool, store it in a secure location. To further prevent oxidation, especially if you will not be using the iron for a long time, place it in a sealed container. 90005 90003 Tips for Specific Soldering Projects 90004 90002 Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s look at how to do some specific types of soldering. 90005 90018 1. How to Use a Soldering Iron for Joining Wires 90019 90002 You can use a soldering iron to create an electrical connection between two wires.Having a tool, such as a device called a third helping hand, to hold the cables for you is very helpful. A third helping hand consists of a weighted base, metal arms and crocodile clips that hold the wires in place. You can also use a pair of pliers to a similar effect. 90005 90084 90029 First, make sure some insulation is stripped off the end of the two wires to expose the metal filaments. 90032 90029 Then, twist the filaments of each wire together so that they act more like one solid unit.90032 90029 Next, tin the wires. To do this, touch the tip of the soldering iron to each wire to heat them. Then apply solder until the wire is soaked through. There should be solder throughout all of the filaments but not so much that the cable becomes overly stiff. This will help heat spread throughout the filaments more efficiently and make soldering easier. 90032 90029 Mechanically join your wires so that the solder is not the only thing holding them together. To do this, wrap the first wire around the second, leaving enough space to wrap the second wire around the first.The turns of the cable should lay next to one another. 90032 90029 Heat the mechanically joined wires with the soldering iron and apply solder. Use enough solder to fill in all the spaces and form a reliable electrical connection. 90032 90029 Once the two wires are connected, apply a heat-shrinkable tubing to isolate the wires and keep them shielded from any outside forces. This tubing will shrink under applied heat, helping it to adhere tightly to the wires and creating a form-fitting protective coating.90032 90095 90018 2. How to Solder Printed Circuit Boards 90019 90002 Soldering parts onto printed circuit boards (PCBs) is another frequent use of soldering irons. 90005 90084 90029 Start with the tallest components, and solder interconnecting wires last. For through-hole components, place them in the correct holes in the PCB. Make sure they sit flush against the board. 90032 90029 Bend the lead of the part slightly to keep it in place. 90032 90029 Once the soldering iron has reached the desired temperature, touch it to the pad to heat the lead of the component and the pad.Make sure the temperature is correct. Too low of a temperature can create a joint that does not provide an adequate electrical connection. Too high of a temperature can damage the components and board. 90032 90029 Then, apply the solder. The solder will flow around the component liquid. Use enough to create a solid connection without gaps but not so much that you’re left with excess solder. 90032 90029 Pull the iron straight up from the component. The solder joint should form a cone-like shape.90032 90029 Check your joint to make sure that it appears shiny and that there are not any gaps or too much solder 90032 90029 If the solder joint is adequate, cut the excess component lead above the joint. 90032 90095 90018 3. How to Solder Stained Glass 90019 90002 Solder is what holds the individual pieces of glass in a work of stained glass art together. Here’s how you use solder on stained glass. 90005 90084 90029 Before soldering, make sure the stained glass pieces fit together well and that the glass is clean.90032 90029 Apply copper foil to the edges of the glass because solder will not adhere to glass. This foil should be smooth and even so that the solder flows evenly. You do not need gaps in between the pieces, but solder will be able to fill small gaps. 90032 90029 Apply a small amount of flux and then solder to each joint to help hold them in place. 90032 90029 Then apply a layer of flux to all seams. The coating should be even and light but enough to cover all foil. 90032 90029 Start soldering about a quarter of an inch from the edge of your piece.Touch the heated iron lightly to the copper foil and feed in the solder. Move the iron and solder along the foil seam. If the solder seam appears flat, try going slower and using more solder. If it’s spilling over onto the glass, try going faster. Getting this part right takes practice. 90032 90029 Once you’re done with the first side of your, flip it over carefully while holding it from the edges near the middle of the piece. Apply a small amount of flux and then solder this side. 90032 90029 To finish the outside edges, tin them by making sure all copper foil gets covered with solder.Alternatively, you can apply a U-channel came — a small, U-shaped metal piece — for a more framed look. 90032 90095 90002 Some other tips include only using solid-core solder rather than acid-core or rosin-core solder as well as not applying heat for too long in any one area as this can cause the glass to break. 90005 90018 4. How to Solder Jewelry 90019 90002 You can solder jewelry using an open-flame torch, which can provide higher temperatures, but can also do so with a soldering iron.The precise techniques vary depending on the kind of item you want to make, and there’s more room for creativity with jewelry soldering. Search online for instructions on how to make specific pieces or experiment and create your own designs. 90005 90002 For example, you can bend silver, copper or other types of wire to form rings. You can solder the two ends of the bent wire to create a single ring, or solder multiple rings together to make a necklace or bracelet. Heat the wire where you want to join it and then apply solder.90005 90002 Some helpful jewelry soldering supplies include high-quality wire cutters and a third helping hand tool. 90005 90003 Explore Weller Tools for Your Soldering Needs 90004 90002 Whichever type of soldering project you’re undertaking, the right tools and techniques are crucial. Weller offers some of the most high-quality yet affordable soldering tools on the market. For entry-level professionals and hobbyists, the WE 1010 is a perfect match. It provides the most power in its class, easy-to-use controls and cost-effective operation at an affordable price.Explore our soldering irons, stations and accessories on our website or by visiting a Weller distributor. 90005 .